The court of Rotterdam convicted Leon van M. for the homicide of Caroline van Toledo in 2005. The victim was burned alive in her own car. On the heavily burned remains of her wrists, garment used to tie her up was discovered. From this garment touch DNA samples were taken and IFS was able to obtain mixed (partial) DNA profiles. The profile of of Leon van M. matched the mixed (partial) profiles. Due to degradation complex mixture calculation had to be performed.

Richard Eikelenboom testified in court about this case. The DNA findings were verified by four other independent DNA experts.